diff --git a/dramatiq/brokers/rabbitmq.py b/dramatiq/brokers/rabbitmq.py
index b0db7752..de6c0657 100644
--- a/dramatiq/brokers/rabbitmq.py
+++ b/dramatiq/brokers/rabbitmq.py
@@ -225,8 +225,8 @@ def declare_queue(self, queue_name, *, ensure=False):
 
         Parameters:
           queue_name(str): The name of the new queue.
-          ensure(bool): When True, the queue is created immediately on
-            the server.
+          ensure(bool): When True, the queue is created on the server,
+            if necessary.
 
         Raises:
           ConnectionClosed: When ensure=True if the underlying channel
@@ -308,8 +308,8 @@ def enqueue(self, message, *, delay=None):
           ConnectionClosed: If the underlying channel or connection
             has been closed.
         """
-        queue_name = message.queue_name
-        self.declare_queue(queue_name, ensure=True)
+        canonical_queue_name = message.queue_name
+        queue_name = canonical_queue_name
 
         if delay is not None:
             queue_name = dq_name(queue_name)
@@ -324,6 +324,7 @@ def enqueue(self, message, *, delay=None):
         attempts = 1
         while True:
             try:
+                self.declare_queue(canonical_queue_name, ensure=True)
                 self.logger.debug("Enqueueing message %r on queue %r.", message.message_id, queue_name)
                 self.emit_before("enqueue", message, delay)
                 self.channel.basic_publish(
@@ -344,6 +345,12 @@ def enqueue(self, message, *, delay=None):
                 # next caller/attempt may initiate new ones of each.
                 del self.connection
 
+                # If the queue disappears, remove it from the known set
+                # so that it can be redeclared on retry or the next time
+                # a message is enqueued.
+                if getattr(e, "reply_code", None) == 404:
+                    self.queues.remove(q_name(queue_name))
+
                 attempts += 1
                 if attempts > MAX_ENQUEUE_ATTEMPTS:
                     raise ConnectionClosed(e) from None
diff --git a/tests/test_rabbitmq.py b/tests/test_rabbitmq.py
index 08d18ec2..20539550 100644
--- a/tests/test_rabbitmq.py
+++ b/tests/test_rabbitmq.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 import pytest
 
 import dramatiq
-from dramatiq import Message, QueueJoinTimeout, Worker
+from dramatiq import Message, Middleware, QueueJoinTimeout, Worker
 from dramatiq.brokers.rabbitmq import RabbitmqBroker, URLRabbitmqBroker, _IgnoreScaryLogs
 from dramatiq.common import current_millis
 
@@ -464,6 +464,50 @@ def do_work():
             worker.stop()
 
 
+def test_rabbitmq_broker_retries_declaring_queues_when_declared_queue_disappears(rabbitmq_broker):
+    executed = False
+
+    # Given that I have an actor on a flaky queue
+    flaky_queue_name = "flaky_queue"
+    rabbitmq_broker.channel.queue_delete(flaky_queue_name)
+
+    @dramatiq.actor(queue_name=flaky_queue_name)
+    def do_work():
+        nonlocal executed
+        executed = True
+
+    # When I start a server
+    worker = Worker(rabbitmq_broker, worker_threads=1)
+    worker.start()
+
+    declared_ev = Event()
+
+    class DeclaredMiddleware(Middleware):
+        def after_declare_queue(self, broker, queue_name):
+            if queue_name == flaky_queue_name:
+                declared_ev.set()
+
+    # I expect that queue to be declared
+    rabbitmq_broker.add_middleware(DeclaredMiddleware())
+    assert declared_ev.wait(timeout=5)
+
+    # If I delete the queue
+    rabbitmq_broker.channel.queue_delete(do_work.queue_name)
+    with pytest.raises(pika.exceptions.ChannelClosedByBroker):
+        rabbitmq_broker.channel.queue_declare(do_work.queue_name, passive=True)
+
+    # And I send that actor a message
+    do_work.send()
+    try:
+        rabbitmq_broker.join(do_work.queue_name, timeout=20000)
+        worker.join()
+    finally:
+        worker.stop()
+
+    # Then the queue should be declared and the message executed
+    assert executed
+
+
 def test_rabbitmq_messages_that_failed_to_decode_are_rejected(rabbitmq_broker, rabbitmq_worker):
     # Given that I have an Actor
     @dramatiq.actor(max_retries=0)