diff --git a/pkg/datasource/sql/types/image.go b/pkg/datasource/sql/types/image.go
index f755d9c91..77108fae2 100644
--- a/pkg/datasource/sql/types/image.go
+++ b/pkg/datasource/sql/types/image.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 package types
 
 import (
+	"database/sql/driver"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"reflect"
@@ -117,14 +118,16 @@ type RecordImage struct {
 	// Rows data row
 	Rows []RowImage `json:"rows"`
 	// TableMeta table information schema
-	TableMeta *TableMeta `json:"-"`
+	TableMeta     *TableMeta                `json:"-"`
+	PrimaryKeyMap map[string][]driver.Value `json:"primaryKeyMap,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func NewEmptyRecordImage(tableMeta *TableMeta, sqlType SQLType) *RecordImage {
 	return &RecordImage{
-		TableName: tableMeta.TableName,
-		TableMeta: tableMeta,
-		SQLType:   sqlType,
+		TableName:     tableMeta.TableName,
+		TableMeta:     tableMeta,
+		SQLType:       sqlType,
+		PrimaryKeyMap: make(map[string][]driver.Value),
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/pkg/datasource/sql/undo/builder/mysql_insertonduplicate_update_undo_log_builder.go b/pkg/datasource/sql/undo/builder/mysql_insertonduplicate_update_undo_log_builder.go
index 4a23dedda..5da3d35e7 100644
--- a/pkg/datasource/sql/undo/builder/mysql_insertonduplicate_update_undo_log_builder.go
+++ b/pkg/datasource/sql/undo/builder/mysql_insertonduplicate_update_undo_log_builder.go
@@ -97,68 +97,136 @@ func (u *MySQLInsertOnDuplicateUndoLogBuilder) buildBeforeImageSQL(insertStmt *a
 	if err := checkDuplicateKeyUpdate(insertStmt, metaData); err != nil {
 		return "", nil, err
 	}
-	var selectArgs []driver.Value
+
+	// Reset primary keys map
+	u.BeforeImageSqlPrimaryKeys = make(map[string]bool)
+
 	pkIndexMap := u.getPkIndex(insertStmt, metaData)
 	var pkIndexArray []int
 	for _, val := range pkIndexMap {
-		tmpVal := val
-		pkIndexArray = append(pkIndexArray, tmpVal)
+		pkIndexArray = append(pkIndexArray, val)
 	}
 	insertRows, err := getInsertRows(insertStmt, pkIndexArray)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", nil, err
 	}
-	insertNum := len(insertRows)
+
 	paramMap, err := u.buildImageParameters(insertStmt, args, insertRows)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", nil, err
 	}
 
-	sql := strings.Builder{}
-	sql.WriteString("SELECT * FROM " + metaData.TableName + " ")
+	// 如果没有参数或没有主键索引，直接返回空
+	if len(paramMap) == 0 || len(metaData.Indexs) == 0 {
+		return "", nil, nil
+	}
+
+	// 检查是否有主键
+	hasPK := false
+	for _, index := range metaData.Indexs {
+		if strings.EqualFold("PRIMARY", index.Name) {
+			hasPK = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !hasPK {
+		return "", nil, nil
+	}
+
+	var sql strings.Builder
+	sql.WriteString("SELECT * FROM " + metaData.TableName + "  ")
+
+	var selectArgs []driver.Value
 	isContainWhere := false
-	for i := 0; i < insertNum; i++ {
-		finalI := i
-		paramAppenderTempList := make([]driver.Value, 0)
+	hasConditions := false
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(insertRows); i++ {
+		var rowConditions []string
+		var rowArgs []driver.Value
+		usedParams := make(map[string]bool)
+
+		// First try unique indexes
 		for _, index := range metaData.Indexs {
-			//unique index
-			if index.NonUnique || isIndexValueNotNull(index, paramMap, finalI) == false {
+			if index.NonUnique || strings.EqualFold("PRIMARY", index.Name) {
 				continue
 			}
-			columnIsNull := true
-			uniqueList := make([]string, 0)
-			for _, columnMeta := range index.Columns {
-				columnName := columnMeta.ColumnName
-				imageParameters, ok := paramMap[columnName]
-				if !ok && columnMeta.ColumnDef != nil {
-					if strings.EqualFold("PRIMARY", index.Name) {
-						u.BeforeImageSqlPrimaryKeys[columnName] = true
-					}
-					uniqueList = append(uniqueList, columnName+" = DEFAULT("+columnName+") ")
-					columnIsNull = false
-					continue
+
+			if !isIndexValueNotNull(index, paramMap, i) {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			var indexConditions []string
+			var indexArgs []driver.Value
+			allColumnsPresent := true
+			for _, colMeta := range index.Columns {
+				columnName := colMeta.ColumnName
+				if params, ok := paramMap[columnName]; ok && len(params) > i && params[i] != nil {
+					indexConditions = append(indexConditions, columnName+" = ? ")
+					indexArgs = append(indexArgs, params[i])
+					usedParams[columnName] = true
+				} else if colMeta.ColumnDef != nil {
+					indexConditions = append(indexConditions, columnName+" = DEFAULT("+columnName+")")
+				} else {
+					allColumnsPresent = false
+					break
 				}
-				if strings.EqualFold("PRIMARY", index.Name) {
-					u.BeforeImageSqlPrimaryKeys[columnName] = true
+			}
+
+			if allColumnsPresent && len(indexConditions) > 0 {
+				rowConditions = append(rowConditions, "("+strings.Join(indexConditions, " and ")+")")
+				rowArgs = append(rowArgs, indexArgs...)
+				hasConditions = true
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Then try primary key
+		for _, index := range metaData.Indexs {
+			if !strings.EqualFold("PRIMARY", index.Name) {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			var pkConditions []string
+			var pkArgs []driver.Value
+			for _, colMeta := range index.Columns {
+				columnName := colMeta.ColumnName
+				u.BeforeImageSqlPrimaryKeys[columnName] = true
+				if params, ok := paramMap[columnName]; ok && len(params) > i && params[i] != nil && !usedParams[columnName] {
+					pkConditions = append(pkConditions, columnName+" = ? ")
+					pkArgs = append(pkArgs, params[i])
 				}
-				columnIsNull = false
-				uniqueList = append(uniqueList, columnName+" = ? ")
-				paramAppenderTempList = append(paramAppenderTempList, imageParameters[finalI])
 			}
 
-			if !columnIsNull {
-				if isContainWhere {
-					sql.WriteString(" OR (" + strings.Join(uniqueList, " and ") + ") ")
-				} else {
-					sql.WriteString(" WHERE (" + strings.Join(uniqueList, " and ") + ") ")
-					isContainWhere = true
+			if len(pkConditions) > 0 {
+				rowConditions = append(rowConditions, "("+strings.Join(pkConditions, " and ")+")")
+				rowArgs = append(rowArgs, pkArgs...)
+				hasConditions = true
+			}
+		}
+
+		if len(rowConditions) > 0 {
+			if !isContainWhere {
+				sql.WriteString("WHERE ")
+				isContainWhere = true
+			} else {
+				sql.WriteString(" OR ")
+			}
+			for j, condition := range rowConditions {
+				if j > 0 {
+					sql.WriteString(" OR ")
 				}
+				sql.WriteString(condition + " ")
 			}
+			selectArgs = append(selectArgs, rowArgs...)
 		}
-		selectArgs = append(selectArgs, paramAppenderTempList...)
 	}
-	log.Infof("build select sql by insert on duplicate sourceQuery, sql {}", sql.String())
-	return sql.String(), selectArgs, nil
+
+	if !hasConditions {
+		return "", nil, nil
+	}
+
+	sqlStr := sql.String()
+	log.Infof("build select sql by insert on duplicate sourceQuery, sql: %s", sqlStr)
+	return sqlStr, selectArgs, nil
 }
 
 func (u *MySQLInsertOnDuplicateUndoLogBuilder) AfterImage(ctx context.Context, execCtx *types.ExecContext, beforeImages []*types.RecordImage) ([]*types.RecordImage, error) {
@@ -168,18 +236,22 @@ func (u *MySQLInsertOnDuplicateUndoLogBuilder) AfterImage(ctx context.Context, e
 		log.Errorf("build prepare stmt: %+v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	defer stmt.Close()
+
+	tableName := execCtx.ParseContext.InsertStmt.Table.TableRefs.Left.(*ast.TableSource).Source.(*ast.TableName).Name.O
+	metaData := execCtx.MetaDataMap[tableName]
 
 	rows, err := stmt.Query(selectArgs)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("stmt query: %+v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	tableName := execCtx.ParseContext.InsertStmt.Table.TableRefs.Left.(*ast.TableSource).Source.(*ast.TableName).Name.O
-	metaData := execCtx.MetaDataMap[tableName]
+	defer rows.Close()
+
 	image, err := u.buildRecordImages(rows, &metaData)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+
 	return []*types.RecordImage{image}, nil
 }
 
@@ -190,6 +262,13 @@ func (u *MySQLInsertOnDuplicateUndoLogBuilder) buildAfterImageSQL(ctx context.Co
 	if len(beforeImages) > 0 {
 		beforeImage = beforeImages[0]
 	}
+
+	// 如果没有before image，直接返回原始SQL和参数
+	if beforeImage == nil || len(beforeImage.Rows) == 0 {
+		return selectSQL, selectArgs
+	}
+
+	// 收集主键值
 	primaryValueMap := make(map[string][]interface{})
 	for _, row := range beforeImage.Rows {
 		for _, col := range row.Columns {
@@ -200,23 +279,53 @@ func (u *MySQLInsertOnDuplicateUndoLogBuilder) buildAfterImageSQL(ctx context.Co
 	}
 
 	var afterImageSql strings.Builder
-	var primaryValues []driver.Value
 	afterImageSql.WriteString(selectSQL)
-	for i := 0; i < len(beforeImage.Rows); i++ {
-		wherePrimaryList := make([]string, 0)
-		for name, value := range primaryValueMap {
-			if !u.BeforeImageSqlPrimaryKeys[name] {
-				wherePrimaryList = append(wherePrimaryList, name+" = ? ")
-				primaryValues = append(primaryValues, value[i])
+
+	// 如果原始SQL已经包含了所有需要的条件，直接返回
+	if len(primaryValueMap) == 0 || len(selectArgs) == len(beforeImage.Rows)*len(primaryValueMap) {
+		return selectSQL, selectArgs
+	}
+
+	// 添加主键条件
+	var primaryValues []driver.Value
+	usedPrimaryKeys := make(map[string]bool)
+
+	for name := range primaryValueMap {
+		if !u.BeforeImageSqlPrimaryKeys[name] {
+			usedPrimaryKeys[name] = true
+			for i := 0; i < len(beforeImage.Rows); i++ {
+				if value := primaryValueMap[name][i]; value != nil {
+					if dv, ok := value.(driver.Value); ok {
+						primaryValues = append(primaryValues, dv)
+					} else {
+						primaryValues = append(primaryValues, value)
+					}
+				}
 			}
 		}
-		if len(wherePrimaryList) != 0 {
-			afterImageSql.WriteString(" OR (" + strings.Join(wherePrimaryList, " and ") + ") ")
+	}
+
+	if len(primaryValues) > 0 {
+		afterImageSql.WriteString(" OR (" + strings.Join(u.buildPrimaryKeyConditions(primaryValueMap, usedPrimaryKeys), " and  ") + ") ")
+	}
+
+	finalArgs := make([]driver.Value, len(selectArgs)+len(primaryValues))
+	copy(finalArgs, selectArgs)
+	copy(finalArgs[len(selectArgs):], primaryValues)
+
+	sqlStr := afterImageSql.String()
+	log.Infof("build after select sql by insert on duplicate sourceQuery, sql %s", sqlStr)
+	return sqlStr, finalArgs
+}
+
+func (u *MySQLInsertOnDuplicateUndoLogBuilder) buildPrimaryKeyConditions(primaryValueMap map[string][]interface{}, usedPrimaryKeys map[string]bool) []string {
+	var conditions []string
+	for name := range primaryValueMap {
+		if !usedPrimaryKeys[name] {
+			conditions = append(conditions, name+" = ? ")
 		}
 	}
-	selectArgs = append(selectArgs, primaryValues...)
-	log.Infof("build after select sql by insert on duplicate sourceQuery, sql {}", afterImageSql.String())
-	return afterImageSql.String(), selectArgs
+	return conditions
 }
 
 func checkDuplicateKeyUpdate(insert *ast.InsertStmt, metaData types.TableMeta) error {
@@ -243,11 +352,10 @@ func checkDuplicateKeyUpdate(insert *ast.InsertStmt, metaData types.TableMeta) e
 
 // build sql params
 func (u *MySQLInsertOnDuplicateUndoLogBuilder) buildImageParameters(insert *ast.InsertStmt, args []driver.Value, insertRows [][]interface{}) (map[string][]driver.Value, error) {
-	var (
-		parameterMap = make(map[string][]driver.Value)
-	)
+	parameterMap := make(map[string][]driver.Value)
 	insertColumns := getInsertColumns(insert)
-	var placeHolderIndex = 0
+	placeHolderIndex := 0
+
 	for _, row := range insertRows {
 		if len(row) != len(insertColumns) {
 			log.Errorf("insert row's column size not equal to insert column size")
@@ -256,13 +364,14 @@ func (u *MySQLInsertOnDuplicateUndoLogBuilder) buildImageParameters(insert *ast.
 		for i, col := range insertColumns {
 			columnName := executor.DelEscape(col, types.DBTypeMySQL)
 			val := row[i]
-			rStr, ok := val.(string)
-			if ok && strings.EqualFold(rStr, SqlPlaceholder) {
-				objects := args[placeHolderIndex]
-				parameterMap[columnName] = append(parameterMap[col], objects)
+			if str, ok := val.(string); ok && strings.EqualFold(str, SqlPlaceholder) {
+				if placeHolderIndex >= len(args) {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("not enough parameters for placeholders")
+				}
+				parameterMap[columnName] = append(parameterMap[columnName], args[placeHolderIndex])
 				placeHolderIndex++
 			} else {
-				parameterMap[columnName] = append(parameterMap[col], val)
+				parameterMap[columnName] = append(parameterMap[columnName], val)
 			}
 		}
 	}