diff --git a/smt/expr.cpp b/smt/expr.cpp
index 81161f656..dd0eb3e09 100644
--- a/smt/expr.cpp
+++ b/smt/expr.cpp
@@ -1464,7 +1464,7 @@ expr expr::cmp_eq(const expr &rhs, bool simplify) const {
       return false;
     return rhs == *this;
   }
-  // constants on rhs from now.
+  // constants on rhs from now on.
 
   if (rhs.isTrue())
     return *this;
@@ -1649,6 +1649,14 @@ void expr::operator|=(const expr &rhs) {
   *this = *this || rhs;
 }
 
+expr expr::mk_and(const vector<expr> &vals) {
+  expr ret(true);
+  for (auto &e : vals) {
+    ret &= e;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
 expr expr::mk_and(const set<expr> &vals) {
   expr ret(true);
   for (auto &e : vals) {
@@ -2235,6 +2243,12 @@ expr expr::subst(const vector<pair<expr, expr>> &repls) const {
   return Z3_substitute(ctx(), ast(), repls.size(), from.get(), to.get());
 }
 
+expr expr::subst_simplify(const vector<pair<expr, expr>> &repls) const {
+  if (repls.empty())
+    return *this;
+  return subst(repls).simplify();
+}
+
 expr expr::subst(const expr &from, const expr &to) const {
   C(from, to);
   auto f = from();
@@ -2248,6 +2262,20 @@ expr expr::subst_var(const expr &repl) const {
   return Z3_substitute_vars(ctx(), ast(), 1, &r);
 }
 
+expr expr::propagate(const AndExpr &constraints) const {
+  C();
+  auto from = make_unique<Z3_ast[]>(constraints.exprs.size());
+  auto to   = make_unique<Z3_ast[]>(constraints.exprs.size());
+  expr true_expr(true);
+  unsigned i = 0;
+  for (auto &e : constraints.exprs) {
+    C2(e);
+    from[i] = e();
+    to[i++] = true_expr();
+  }
+  return Z3_substitute(ctx(), ast(), i, from.get(), to.get());
+}
+
 set<expr> expr::vars() const {
   return vars({ this });
 }
diff --git a/smt/expr.h b/smt/expr.h
index 99c157334..f9ac0d1b6 100644
--- a/smt/expr.h
+++ b/smt/expr.h
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ typedef struct _Z3_sort* Z3_sort;
 
 namespace smt {
 
+class AndExpr;
+
 class expr {
   uintptr_t ptr = 0;
 
@@ -288,6 +290,7 @@ class expr {
   void operator&=(const expr &rhs);
   void operator|=(const expr &rhs);
 
+  static expr mk_and(const std::vector<expr> &vals);
   static expr mk_and(const std::set<expr> &vals);
   static expr mk_or(const std::set<expr> &vals);
 
@@ -363,11 +366,15 @@ class expr {
 
   // replace v1 -> v2
   expr subst(const std::vector<std::pair<expr, expr>> &repls) const;
+  expr subst_simplify(const std::vector<std::pair<expr, expr>> &repls) const;
   expr subst(const expr &from, const expr &to) const;
 
   // replace the 1st quantified variable
   expr subst_var(const expr &repl) const;
 
+  // turn all expressions in 'constraints' into true
+  expr propagate(const AndExpr &constraints) const;
+
   std::set<expr> vars() const;
   static std::set<expr> vars(const std::vector<const expr*> &exprs);
 
diff --git a/smt/exprs.cpp b/smt/exprs.cpp
index cb6c628b4..5cee1439c 100644
--- a/smt/exprs.cpp
+++ b/smt/exprs.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "smt/exprs.h"
 #include "smt/smt.h"
 #include "util/compiler.h"
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <vector>
 
 using namespace std;
@@ -45,6 +46,12 @@ void AndExpr::del(const AndExpr &other) {
     exprs.erase(e);
 }
 
+expr AndExpr::propagate(const AndExpr &other) const {
+  vector<expr> ret;
+  ranges::set_difference(exprs, other.exprs, back_inserter(ret), less{});
+  return expr::mk_and(ret).propagate(other);
+}
+
 void AndExpr::reset() {
   exprs.clear();
 }
diff --git a/smt/exprs.h b/smt/exprs.h
index f258ad6da..3250ea073 100644
--- a/smt/exprs.h
+++ b/smt/exprs.h
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ class AndExpr {
   void add(expr &&e, unsigned limit = 16);
   void add(const AndExpr &other);
   void del(const AndExpr &other);
+  expr propagate(const AndExpr &other) const;
   void reset();
   bool contains(const expr &e) const;
   expr operator()() const;
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ class AndExpr {
   auto operator<=>(const AndExpr&) const = default;
   friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const AndExpr &e);
   template<typename T> friend class DisjointExpr;
+  friend class expr;
 };