diff --git a/packages/SwingSet/scripts/build-kernel.js b/packages/SwingSet/scripts/build-kernel.js
index d5442454a17..62b1a16cef8 100644
--- a/packages/SwingSet/scripts/build-kernel.js
+++ b/packages/SwingSet/scripts/build-kernel.js
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import bundleSource from '@agoric/bundle-source';
 async function main() {
   const { source, sourceMap } = await bundleSource(
     `${__dirname}/../src/kernel/index.js`,
+    'nestedEvaluate',
   );
   const actualSource = `export default ${source}\n${sourceMap}`;
   const f = await fs.promises.open('src/bundles/kernel', 'w', 0o644);
diff --git a/packages/SwingSet/src/controller.js b/packages/SwingSet/src/controller.js
index 3f8782bb73b..40f705272cb 100644
--- a/packages/SwingSet/src/controller.js
+++ b/packages/SwingSet/src/controller.js
@@ -204,11 +204,19 @@ function realmRegisterEndOfCrank(fn) {
     // static vats once we add metering support to the dynamic vat
     // implementation.
     // FIXME: Same for registerEndOfCrank.
-    return s.evaluate(src, {
-      require: r,
-      registerEndOfCrank: realmRegisterEndOfCrank,
-      replaceGlobalMeter,
-    })().default;
+
+    // Cope with ESM problems.
+    src = src.replace(/(_[a-zA-Z0-9]{3}\u200d\.e)/g, 'eval');
+
+    // Support both getExport and nestedEvaluate module format.
+    const nestedEvaluate = source =>
+      s.evaluate(source, {
+        require: r,
+        registerEndOfCrank: realmRegisterEndOfCrank,
+        replaceGlobalMeter,
+        nestedEvaluate,
+      });
+    return nestedEvaluate(src)().default;
   };
 }
 
@@ -271,7 +279,10 @@ export async function buildVatController(config, withSES = true, argv = []) {
     // (which is expected to initialize some state and export some facetIDs)
     let setup;
     if (withSES) {
-      const { source, sourceMap } = await bundleSource(`${sourceIndex}`);
+      const { source, sourceMap } = await bundleSource(
+        `${sourceIndex}`,
+        'nestedEvaluate',
+      );
       const actualSource = `(${source})\n${sourceMap}`;
       setup = sesEvaluator(actualSource);
     } else {
diff --git a/packages/spawner/src/contractHost.js b/packages/spawner/src/contractHost.js
index 97abccd53a1..fbfa1b2012d 100644
--- a/packages/spawner/src/contractHost.js
+++ b/packages/spawner/src/contractHost.js
@@ -98,10 +98,18 @@ function makeContractHost(E, evaluate, additionalEndowments = {}) {
       return meter;
     };
 
-    const fn = evaluate(functionSrcString, {
-      ...fullEndowments,
-      getMeter,
-    });
+    // Inject the evaluator.
+    const nestedEvaluate = src => {
+      const allEndowments = {
+        ...fullEndowments,
+        getMeter,
+        nestedEvaluate,
+      };
+      // console.log(allEndowments, src);
+      return evaluate(src, allEndowments);
+    };
+
+    const fn = nestedEvaluate(functionSrcString);
     assert(
       typeof fn === 'function',
       `"${functionSrcString}" must be a string for a function, but produced ${typeof fn}`,
@@ -140,7 +148,10 @@ function makeContractHost(E, evaluate, additionalEndowments = {}) {
       let installation;
       if (moduleFormat === 'object') {
         installation = extractCheckFunctions(contractSrcs);
-      } else if (moduleFormat === 'getExport') {
+      } else if (
+        moduleFormat === 'getExport' ||
+        moduleFormat === 'nestedEvaluate'
+      ) {
         // We don't support 'check' functions in getExport format,
         // because we only do a single evaluate, and the whole
         // contract must be metered per-spawn, not per-installation.
@@ -161,8 +172,12 @@ function makeContractHost(E, evaluate, additionalEndowments = {}) {
       function spawn(termsP) {
         let startFn;
         if (moduleFormat === 'object') {
-          startFn = evaluateStringToFn(contractSrcs.start);
-        } else if (moduleFormat === 'getExport') {
+          startFn = evaluateStringToFn(contractSrcs.start, );
+        } else if (
+          moduleFormat === 'getExport' ||
+          moduleFormat === 'nestedEvaluate'
+        ) {
+          // We support getExport because it is forward-compatible with nestedEvaluate.
           const getExports = evaluateStringToFn(contractSrcs);
           const ns = getExports();
           startFn = ns.default;
diff --git a/packages/tame-metering/src/ses1.js b/packages/tame-metering/src/ses1.js
index 181a0763c94..99555d68a76 100644
--- a/packages/tame-metering/src/ses1.js
+++ b/packages/tame-metering/src/ses1.js
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ const shim = `\
   };
 })()`;
 
+// Adapt to ESM.
 export const SES1TameMeteringShim = shim.replace(
   /_[a-z0-9]{3}\u200d\.g\./gs,
   '',
diff --git a/packages/zoe/src/evalContractCode.js b/packages/zoe/src/evalContractCode.js
index 00397f422ef..a157024e643 100644
--- a/packages/zoe/src/evalContractCode.js
+++ b/packages/zoe/src/evalContractCode.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* global replaceGlobalMeter, registerEndOfCrank */
-import evaluate from '@agoric/evaluate';
+import { evaluateProgram } from '@agoric/evaluate';
 import Nat from '@agoric/nat';
 import harden from '@agoric/harden';
 
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ import { sameStructure } from '@agoric/same-structure';
 
 const evaluateStringToFn = (functionSrcString, endowments) => {
   assert.typeof(functionSrcString, 'string');
-  const fn = evaluate(functionSrcString, endowments);
+  const nestedEvaluate = src =>
+    evaluateProgram(src, { ...endowments, nestedEvaluate });
+  const fn = nestedEvaluate(`(${functionSrcString})`);
   assert.typeof(
     fn,
     'function',
diff --git a/packages/zoe/src/zoe.js b/packages/zoe/src/zoe.js
index f44e3b642cf..42568a6b04d 100644
--- a/packages/zoe/src/zoe.js
+++ b/packages/zoe/src/zoe.js
@@ -249,9 +249,10 @@ const makeZoe = (additionalEndowments = {}) => {
      * registering it with Zoe. We have a moduleFormat to allow for
      * different future formats without silent failures.
      */
-    install: (code, moduleFormat = 'getExport') => {
+    install: (code, moduleFormat = 'nestedEvaluate') => {
       let installation;
       switch (moduleFormat) {
+        case 'nestedEvaluate':
         case 'getExport': {
           installation = evalContractCode(code, additionalEndowments);
           break;
diff --git a/packages/zoe/test/bundle-source.js b/packages/zoe/test/bundle-source.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d5da8b8cd95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/zoe/test/bundle-source.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import bundleSource from '@agoric/bundle-source';
+
+// Use the new format.
+export default src => bundleSource(src, 'nestedEvaluate');
diff --git a/packages/zoe/test/swingsetTests/zoe-metering/test-zoe-metering.js b/packages/zoe/test/swingsetTests/zoe-metering/test-zoe-metering.js
index d6c78dd0501..bf379cd2ac3 100644
--- a/packages/zoe/test/swingsetTests/zoe-metering/test-zoe-metering.js
+++ b/packages/zoe/test/swingsetTests/zoe-metering/test-zoe-metering.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { test } from 'tape-promise/tape';
 import { loadBasedir, buildVatController } from '@agoric/swingset-vat';
 import path from 'path';
 import fs from 'fs';
-import bundleSource from '@agoric/bundle-source';
+import bundleSource from '../../bundle-source';
 
 // Don't let unhandled promises crash our process.
 process.on('unhandledRejection', e => console.log('unhandled rejection', e));
diff --git a/packages/zoe/test/swingsetTests/zoe/test-zoe.js b/packages/zoe/test/swingsetTests/zoe/test-zoe.js
index c06a8de04b8..d112e8a9a90 100644
--- a/packages/zoe/test/swingsetTests/zoe/test-zoe.js
+++ b/packages/zoe/test/swingsetTests/zoe/test-zoe.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { test } from 'tape-promise/tape';
 import { loadBasedir, buildVatController } from '@agoric/swingset-vat';
 import path from 'path';
 import fs from 'fs';
-import bundleSource from '@agoric/bundle-source';
+import bundleSource from '../../bundle-source';
 
 const CONTRACT_FILES = [
   'automaticRefund',
diff --git a/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-automaticRefund.js b/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-automaticRefund.js
index 392bb33813f..3b543a9b95a 100644
--- a/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-automaticRefund.js
+++ b/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-automaticRefund.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { test } from 'tape-promise/tape';
 import harden from '@agoric/harden';
-import bundleSource from '@agoric/bundle-source';
+import bundleSource from '../../bundle-source';
 
 import { makeZoe } from '../../../src/zoe';
 import { setup } from '../setupBasicMints';
diff --git a/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-autoswap.js b/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-autoswap.js
index 5d80335f1fe..5e6bfe958f1 100644
--- a/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-autoswap.js
+++ b/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-autoswap.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { test } from 'tape-promise/tape';
 import harden from '@agoric/harden';
-import bundleSource from '@agoric/bundle-source';
+import bundleSource from '../../bundle-source';
 
 import { makeZoe } from '../../../src/zoe';
 import { setup } from '../setupBasicMints';
diff --git a/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-coveredCall.js b/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-coveredCall.js
index 258b2235efa..90d3e650560 100644
--- a/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-coveredCall.js
+++ b/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-coveredCall.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { test } from 'tape-promise/tape';
 import harden from '@agoric/harden';
-import bundleSource from '@agoric/bundle-source';
+import bundleSource from '../../bundle-source';
 import { sameStructure } from '@agoric/same-structure';
 
 import buildManualTimer from '../../../tools/manualTimer';
diff --git a/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-myFirstDapp.js b/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-myFirstDapp.js
index c3a5cf7e6f5..2a16f9d40d5 100644
--- a/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-myFirstDapp.js
+++ b/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-myFirstDapp.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { test } from 'tape-promise/tape';
 import harden from '@agoric/harden';
-import bundleSource from '@agoric/bundle-source';
+import bundleSource from '../../bundle-source';
 
 import { makeZoe } from '../../../src/zoe';
 import { setup } from '../setupBasicMints';
diff --git a/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-publicAuction.js b/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-publicAuction.js
index 6c655abbba7..79f8adb82c0 100644
--- a/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-publicAuction.js
+++ b/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-publicAuction.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { test } from 'tape-promise/tape';
 import harden from '@agoric/harden';
-import bundleSource from '@agoric/bundle-source';
+import bundleSource from '../../bundle-source';
 
 import { makeZoe } from '../../../src/zoe';
 import { setup } from '../setupBasicMints';
diff --git a/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-publicSwap.js b/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-publicSwap.js
index 48f3604884b..ba722622b7c 100644
--- a/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-publicSwap.js
+++ b/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-publicSwap.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { test } from 'tape-promise/tape';
 import harden from '@agoric/harden';
-import bundleSource from '@agoric/bundle-source';
+import bundleSource from '../../bundle-source';
 
 import { makeZoe } from '../../../src/zoe';
 import { setup } from '../setupBasicMints';
diff --git a/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-simpleExchange.js b/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-simpleExchange.js
index a1f032a3d7a..f26aa0808cb 100644
--- a/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-simpleExchange.js
+++ b/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/test-simpleExchange.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { test } from 'tape-promise/tape';
 import harden from '@agoric/harden';
-import bundleSource from '@agoric/bundle-source';
+import bundleSource from '../../bundle-source';
 
 import { makeZoe } from '../../../src/zoe';
 import { setup } from '../setupBasicMints';