diff --git a/packages/SwingSet/src/liveslots/liveslots.js b/packages/SwingSet/src/liveslots/liveslots.js
index 6151baca765..a62c4f44252 100644
--- a/packages/SwingSet/src/liveslots/liveslots.js
+++ b/packages/SwingSet/src/liveslots/liveslots.js
@@ -1227,6 +1227,7 @@ function build(
     }
 
     initializeIDCounters();
+    vom.initializeKindHandleKind();
     collectionManager.initializeStoreKindInfo();
 
     const vatParameters = m.unserialize(vatParametersCapData);
diff --git a/packages/SwingSet/src/liveslots/virtualObjectManager.js b/packages/SwingSet/src/liveslots/virtualObjectManager.js
index 047585f0753..f0b05086272 100644
--- a/packages/SwingSet/src/liveslots/virtualObjectManager.js
+++ b/packages/SwingSet/src/liveslots/virtualObjectManager.js
@@ -659,6 +659,15 @@ export function makeVirtualObjectManager(
   let kindIDID;
   const kindDescriptors = new WeakMap();
 
+  function initializeKindHandleKind() {
+    kindIDID = syscall.vatstoreGet('kindIDID');
+    if (!kindIDID) {
+      kindIDID = `${allocateExportID()}`;
+      syscall.vatstoreSet('kindIDID', kindIDID);
+    }
+    vrm.registerKind(kindIDID, reanimateDurableKindID, () => null, true);
+  }
+
   function reanimateDurableKindID(vobjID, _proforma) {
     const { subid: kindID } = parseVatSlot(vobjID);
     const raw = syscall.vatstoreGet(`vom.kind.${kindID}`);
@@ -670,11 +679,7 @@ export function makeVirtualObjectManager(
   }
 
   const makeKindHandle = tag => {
-    if (!kindIDID) {
-      kindIDID = `${allocateExportID()}`;
-      syscall.vatstoreSet('kindIDID', kindIDID);
-      vrm.registerKind(kindIDID, reanimateDurableKindID, () => null, true);
-    }
+    assert(kindIDID, `initializeKindHandleKind not called yet`);
     const kindID = `${allocateExportID()}`;
     const kindIDvref = `o+${kindIDID}/${kindID}`;
     const durableKindDescriptor = harden({ kindID, tag });
@@ -712,6 +717,7 @@ export function makeVirtualObjectManager(
   };
 
   return harden({
+    initializeKindHandleKind,
     defineKind,
     defineDurableKind,
     makeKindHandle,
diff --git a/packages/SwingSet/test/gc/test-gc-vat.js b/packages/SwingSet/test/gc/test-gc-vat.js
index 5b4ee52f77a..1d777159a75 100644
--- a/packages/SwingSet/test/gc/test-gc-vat.js
+++ b/packages/SwingSet/test/gc/test-gc-vat.js
@@ -134,8 +134,8 @@ test('forward to fake zoe', async t => {
   console.log(`targetID: ${targetID}`);
 
   // confirm that zoe is exporting it
-  t.is(findClist(c, zoeID, invitation), 'o+9');
-  t.true(dumpClist(c).includes(`${invitation}/${zoeID}/o+9`));
+  t.is(findClist(c, zoeID, invitation), 'o+10');
+  t.true(dumpClist(c).includes(`${invitation}/${zoeID}/o+10`));
   // confirm that vat-target has not seen it yet
   t.is(findClist(c, targetID, invitation), undefined);
 
diff --git a/packages/SwingSet/test/stores/test-storeGC.js b/packages/SwingSet/test/stores/test-storeGC.js
index 293581645a4..dfb08de7ce5 100644
--- a/packages/SwingSet/test/stores/test-storeGC.js
+++ b/packages/SwingSet/test/stores/test-storeGC.js
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ function thingRefValString(vref) {
 const nullValString = JSON.stringify({ body: 'null', slots: [] });
 
 function mapRef(idx) {
-  return `o+1/${idx}`;
+  return `o+2/${idx}`; // see 'assert known scalarMapStore ID' below
 }
 
 function mapRefArg(idx) {
@@ -237,9 +237,9 @@ function validateCreateBaggage(v, idx) {
   );
   validate(v, matchVatstoreSet(`vc.${idx}.|schemata`, baggageSchema));
   validate(v, matchVatstoreSet(`vc.${idx}.|label`, 'baggage'));
-  validate(v, matchVatstoreSet('baggageID', 'o+5/1'));
-  validate(v, matchVatstoreGet('vom.rc.o+5/1', NONE));
-  validate(v, matchVatstoreSet('vom.rc.o+5/1', '1'));
+  validate(v, matchVatstoreSet('baggageID', 'o+6/1'));
+  validate(v, matchVatstoreGet('vom.rc.o+6/1', NONE));
+  validate(v, matchVatstoreSet('vom.rc.o+6/1', '1'));
 }
 
 function validateCreate(v, idx, isWeak = false) {
@@ -466,12 +466,14 @@ function validateCreateHolder(v, idx) {
 
 function validateInit(v) {
   validate(v, matchVatstoreGet('idCounters', NONE));
+  validate(v, matchVatstoreGet('kindIDID', NONE));
+  validate(v, matchVatstoreSet('kindIDID', '1'));
   validate(v, matchVatstoreGet('storeKindIDTable', NONE));
   validate(
     v,
     matchVatstoreSet(
       'storeKindIDTable',
-      '{"scalarMapStore":1,"scalarWeakMapStore":2,"scalarSetStore":3,"scalarWeakSetStore":4,"scalarDurableMapStore":5,"scalarDurableWeakMapStore":6,"scalarDurableSetStore":7,"scalarDurableWeakSetStore":8}',
+      '{"scalarMapStore":2,"scalarWeakMapStore":3,"scalarSetStore":4,"scalarWeakSetStore":5,"scalarDurableMapStore":6,"scalarDurableWeakMapStore":7,"scalarDurableSetStore":8,"scalarDurableWeakSetStore":9}',
     ),
   );
   validate(v, matchVatstoreGet('baggageID', NONE));
@@ -531,8 +533,8 @@ test.serial('assert known scalarMapStore ID', async t => {
 
   const { testHooks } = await setupTestLiveslots(t, buildRootObject, 'bob', true);
   const id = testHooks.obtainStoreKindID('scalarMapStore');
-  t.is(id, 1);
-  t.is(mapRef('INDEX'), 'o+1/INDEX');
+  t.is(id, 2);
+  t.is(mapRef('INDEX'), 'o+2/INDEX');
 });
 
 // test 1: lerv -> Lerv -> LerV -> Lerv -> lerv
@@ -1094,7 +1096,7 @@ test.serial('remotable refcount management 1', async t => {
   );
 
   const base = mainHeldIdx;
-  const remotableRef = 'o+9';
+  const remotableRef = 'o+10';
 
   let rp = await dispatchMessage('makeAndHoldRemotable');
   validateInit(v);
@@ -1126,7 +1128,7 @@ test.serial('remotable refcount management 2', async t => {
   );
 
   const base = mainHeldIdx;
-  const remotableRef = 'o+9';
+  const remotableRef = 'o+10';
 
   let rp = await dispatchMessage('makeAndHoldRemotable');
   validateInit(v);
diff --git a/packages/SwingSet/test/test-baggage.js b/packages/SwingSet/test/test-baggage.js
index 139b78d8ce3..14c88292107 100644
--- a/packages/SwingSet/test/test-baggage.js
+++ b/packages/SwingSet/test/test-baggage.js
@@ -40,19 +40,21 @@ function validateCreateBaggage(v, idx) {
   );
   validate(v, matchVatstoreSet(`vc.${idx}.|schemata`, baggageSchema));
   validate(v, matchVatstoreSet(`vc.${idx}.|label`, 'baggage'));
-  validate(v, matchVatstoreSet('baggageID', 'o+5/1'));
-  validate(v, matchVatstoreGet('vom.rc.o+5/1', NONE));
-  validate(v, matchVatstoreSet('vom.rc.o+5/1', '1'));
+  validate(v, matchVatstoreSet('baggageID', 'o+6/1'));
+  validate(v, matchVatstoreGet('vom.rc.o+6/1', NONE));
+  validate(v, matchVatstoreSet('vom.rc.o+6/1', '1'));
 }
 
 function validateSetup(v) {
   validate(v, matchVatstoreGet('idCounters', NONE));
+  validate(v, matchVatstoreGet('kindIDID', NONE));
+  validate(v, matchVatstoreSet('kindIDID', '1'));
   validate(v, matchVatstoreGet('storeKindIDTable', NONE));
   validate(
     v,
     matchVatstoreSet(
       'storeKindIDTable',
-      '{"scalarMapStore":1,"scalarWeakMapStore":2,"scalarSetStore":3,"scalarWeakSetStore":4,"scalarDurableMapStore":5,"scalarDurableWeakMapStore":6,"scalarDurableSetStore":7,"scalarDurableWeakSetStore":8}',
+      '{"scalarMapStore":2,"scalarWeakMapStore":3,"scalarSetStore":4,"scalarWeakSetStore":5,"scalarDurableMapStore":6,"scalarDurableWeakMapStore":7,"scalarDurableSetStore":8,"scalarDurableWeakSetStore":9}',
     ),
   );
   validate(v, matchVatstoreGet('baggageID', NONE));
diff --git a/packages/SwingSet/test/test-gc-kernel.js b/packages/SwingSet/test/test-gc-kernel.js
index d00aa25d5b4..4bce50654e9 100644
--- a/packages/SwingSet/test/test-gc-kernel.js
+++ b/packages/SwingSet/test/test-gc-kernel.js
@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@
 import anylogger from 'anylogger';
 import { test } from '../tools/prepare-test-env-ava.js';
 
+// eslint-disable-next-line import/order
+import { assert } from '@agoric/assert';
 import { waitUntilQuiescent } from '../src/lib-nodejs/waitUntilQuiescent.js';
 import { createSHA256 } from '../src/lib-nodejs/hasher.js';
-
+import { parseVatSlot } from '../src/lib/parseVatSlots.js';
 import buildKernel from '../src/kernel/index.js';
 import { initializeKernel } from '../src/controller/initializeKernel.js';
 import {
@@ -1019,6 +1021,25 @@ test('message to self', async t => {
   p.gcActionsAre([]);
 });
 
+function sortVrefs(vrefs) {
+  // returns ['o+8', 'o+9', 'o+10', 'o+11']
+  function num(vref) {
+    const p = parseVatSlot(vref);
+    assert.equal(p.type, 'object');
+    assert.equal(p.allocatedByVat, true);
+    assert.equal(p.virtual, false);
+    return p.id;
+  }
+  vrefs.sort((a, b) => Number(num(a) - num(b)));
+}
+
+test('sortVrefs', t => {
+  const v1 = ['o+11', 'o+9', 'o+10', 'o+8'];
+  const exp = ['o+8', 'o+9', 'o+10', 'o+11'];
+  sortVrefs(v1);
+  t.deepEqual(v1, exp);
+});
+
 test('terminated vat', async t => {
   // when a vat is terminated, anything it imported should be dropped, and
   // its exports should not cause problems when they are released
@@ -1082,9 +1103,9 @@ test('terminated vat', async t => {
 
   // find the highest export: doomedExport1 / doomedExport1Presence
   let exports = Object.keys(vrefs).filter(vref => vref.startsWith('o+'));
-  exports.sort();
+  sortVrefs(exports);
   const doomedExport1Vref = exports[exports.length - 1];
-  t.is(doomedExport1Vref, 'o+9'); // arbitrary
+  t.is(doomedExport1Vref, 'o+10'); // arbitrary
   const doomedExport1Kref = vrefs[doomedExport1Vref];
   // this should also be deleted
   // console.log(`doomedExport1Kref`, doomedExport1Kref);
@@ -1105,9 +1126,9 @@ test('terminated vat', async t => {
   // now find the vref/kref for doomedExport2
   vrefs = vrefsUsedByDoomed();
   exports = Object.keys(vrefs).filter(vref => vref.startsWith('o+'));
-  exports.sort();
+  sortVrefs(exports);
   const doomedExport2Vref = exports[exports.length - 1];
-  t.is(doomedExport2Vref, 'o+9'); // arbitrary
+  t.is(doomedExport2Vref, 'o+11'); // arbitrary
   const doomedExport2Kref = vrefs[doomedExport2Vref];
   [refcounts, owners] = getRefCountsAndOwners();
   t.deepEqual(refcounts[doomedExport2Kref], [1, 1]); // from promise queue
diff --git a/packages/SwingSet/test/test-liveslots.js b/packages/SwingSet/test/test-liveslots.js
index 1a058684c16..524be50ab7f 100644
--- a/packages/SwingSet/test/test-liveslots.js
+++ b/packages/SwingSet/test/test-liveslots.js
@@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ test('GC syscall.dropImports', async t => {
   t.deepEqual(log.shift(), {
     type: 'vatstoreSet',
     key: 'idCounters',
-    value: '{"exportID":9,"collectionID":2,"promiseID":5}',
+    value: '{"exportID":10,"collectionID":2,"promiseID":5}',
   });
   const l2 = log.shift();
   t.deepEqual(l2, {
@@ -1153,7 +1153,7 @@ test('GC dispatch.dropExports', async t => {
   t.deepEqual(log.shift(), {
     type: 'vatstoreSet',
     key: 'idCounters',
-    value: '{"exportID":10,"collectionID":2,"promiseID":5}',
+    value: '{"exportID":11,"collectionID":2,"promiseID":5}',
   });
   t.deepEqual(log, []);
 
@@ -1220,7 +1220,7 @@ test('GC dispatch.retireExports inhibits syscall.retireExports', async t => {
   t.deepEqual(log.shift(), {
     type: 'vatstoreSet',
     key: 'idCounters',
-    value: '{"exportID":10,"collectionID":2,"promiseID":5}',
+    value: '{"exportID":11,"collectionID":2,"promiseID":5}',
   });
   t.deepEqual(log, []);
 
diff --git a/packages/SwingSet/test/test-vpid-liveslots.js b/packages/SwingSet/test/test-vpid-liveslots.js
index 018a1c9c530..ba5a9c3448a 100644
--- a/packages/SwingSet/test/test-vpid-liveslots.js
+++ b/packages/SwingSet/test/test-vpid-liveslots.js
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ async function doVatResolveCase1(t, mode) {
   const rootA = 'o+0';
   const target1 = 'o-1';
   const target2 = 'o-2';
-  const localTarget = 'o+9';
+  const localTarget = 'o+10';
   const expectedP1 = 'p+5';
   const expectedP2 = 'p+6';
   const expectedP3 = 'p+7';
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ async function doVatResolveCase23(t, which, mode, stalls) {
 
   const rootA = 'o+0';
   const target1 = 'o-1';
-  const localTarget = 'o+9';
+  const localTarget = 'o+10';
   const p1 = 'p-8';
   const expectedP2 = 'p+5';
   const expectedP3 = 'p+6';
diff --git a/packages/SwingSet/test/vat-admin/terminate/test-terminate.js b/packages/SwingSet/test/vat-admin/terminate/test-terminate.js
index 56645d3f9b9..b65505b7de3 100644
--- a/packages/SwingSet/test/vat-admin/terminate/test-terminate.js
+++ b/packages/SwingSet/test/vat-admin/terminate/test-terminate.js
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ test('dead vat state removed', async t => {
   const kvStore = hostStorage.kvStore;
   t.is(kvStore.get('vat.dynamicIDs'), '["v6"]');
   t.is(kvStore.get('ko26.owner'), 'v6');
-  t.is(Array.from(kvStore.getKeys('v6.', 'v6/')).length, 19);
+  t.is(Array.from(kvStore.getKeys('v6.', 'v6/')).length, 20);
 
   controller.queueToVatRoot('bootstrap', 'phase2', capargs([]));
   await controller.run();
diff --git a/packages/SwingSet/test/virtualObjects/test-representatives.js b/packages/SwingSet/test/virtualObjects/test-representatives.js
index ef1e429f2a1..ed02b8a4c84 100644
--- a/packages/SwingSet/test/virtualObjects/test-representatives.js
+++ b/packages/SwingSet/test/virtualObjects/test-representatives.js
@@ -133,13 +133,13 @@ test.serial('exercise cache', async t => {
     await doSimple('holdThing', what);
   }
   function dataKey(num) {
-    return `v1.vs.vom.o+9/${num}`;
+    return `v1.vs.vom.o+10/${num}`;
   }
   function esKey(num) {
-    return `v1.vs.vom.es.o+9/${num}`;
+    return `v1.vs.vom.es.o+10/${num}`;
   }
   function rcKey(num) {
-    return `v1.vs.vom.rc.o+9/${num}`;
+    return `v1.vs.vom.rc.o+10/${num}`;
   }
   function thingVal(name) {
     return JSON.stringify({
@@ -381,21 +381,22 @@ test('virtual object gc', async t => {
     remainingVOs[key] = hostStorage.kvStore.get(key);
   }
   t.deepEqual(remainingVOs, {
-    'v1.vs.baggageID': 'o+5/1',
-    'v1.vs.idCounters': '{"exportID":10,"collectionID":2,"promiseID":8}',
+    'v1.vs.baggageID': 'o+6/1',
+    'v1.vs.idCounters': '{"exportID":11,"collectionID":2,"promiseID":8}',
+    'v1.vs.kindIDID': '1',
     'v1.vs.storeKindIDTable':
-      '{"scalarMapStore":1,"scalarWeakMapStore":2,"scalarSetStore":3,"scalarWeakSetStore":4,"scalarDurableMapStore":5,"scalarDurableWeakMapStore":6,"scalarDurableSetStore":7,"scalarDurableWeakSetStore":8}',
+      '{"scalarMapStore":2,"scalarWeakMapStore":3,"scalarSetStore":4,"scalarWeakSetStore":5,"scalarDurableMapStore":6,"scalarDurableWeakMapStore":7,"scalarDurableSetStore":8,"scalarDurableWeakSetStore":9}',
     'v1.vs.vc.1.|entryCount': '0',
     'v1.vs.vc.1.|label': 'baggage',
     'v1.vs.vc.1.|nextOrdinal': '1',
     'v1.vs.vc.1.|schemata':
       '{"body":"[{\\"@qclass\\":\\"tagged\\",\\"tag\\":\\"match:kind\\",\\"payload\\":\\"string\\"}]","slots":[]}',
-    'v1.vs.vom.es.o+9/3': 'r',
-    'v1.vs.vom.o+9/2': '{"label":{"body":"\\"thing #2\\"","slots":[]}}',
-    'v1.vs.vom.o+9/3': '{"label":{"body":"\\"thing #3\\"","slots":[]}}',
-    'v1.vs.vom.o+9/8': '{"label":{"body":"\\"thing #8\\"","slots":[]}}',
-    'v1.vs.vom.o+9/9': '{"label":{"body":"\\"thing #9\\"","slots":[]}}',
-    'v1.vs.vom.rc.o+5/1': '1',
+    'v1.vs.vom.es.o+10/3': 'r',
+    'v1.vs.vom.o+10/2': '{"label":{"body":"\\"thing #2\\"","slots":[]}}',
+    'v1.vs.vom.o+10/3': '{"label":{"body":"\\"thing #3\\"","slots":[]}}',
+    'v1.vs.vom.o+10/8': '{"label":{"body":"\\"thing #8\\"","slots":[]}}',
+    'v1.vs.vom.o+10/9': '{"label":{"body":"\\"thing #9\\"","slots":[]}}',
+    'v1.vs.vom.rc.o+6/1': '1',
   });
 });
 
diff --git a/packages/SwingSet/test/virtualObjects/test-virtualObjectGC.js b/packages/SwingSet/test/virtualObjects/test-virtualObjectGC.js
index 2302cc7481b..4230d7ad4cb 100644
--- a/packages/SwingSet/test/virtualObjects/test-virtualObjectGC.js
+++ b/packages/SwingSet/test/virtualObjects/test-virtualObjectGC.js
@@ -168,9 +168,11 @@ function stateKey(vref) {
   return `vom.${base(vref)}`;
 }
 
-const unfacetedThingKindID = 'o+9';
-const facetedThingKindID = 'o+10';
-const holderKindID = 'o+11';
+const unfacetedThingKindID = 'o+10';
+const facetedThingKindID = 'o+11';
+const holderKindID = 'o+12';
+
+const remotableID = 'o+14';
 
 function thingVref(isf, instance) {
   return `${isf ? facetedThingKindID : unfacetedThingKindID}/${instance}`;
@@ -454,19 +456,21 @@ function validateCreateBaggage(v, idx) {
   );
   validate(v, matchVatstoreSet(`vc.${idx}.|schemata`, baggageSchema));
   validate(v, matchVatstoreSet(`vc.${idx}.|label`, 'baggage'));
-  validate(v, matchVatstoreSet('baggageID', 'o+5/1'));
-  validate(v, matchVatstoreGet(rcKey('o+5/1'), NONE));
-  validate(v, matchVatstoreSet(rcKey('o+5/1'), '1'));
+  validate(v, matchVatstoreSet('baggageID', 'o+6/1'));
+  validate(v, matchVatstoreGet(rcKey('o+6/1'), NONE));
+  validate(v, matchVatstoreSet(rcKey('o+6/1'), '1'));
 }
 
 function validateSetup(v) {
   validate(v, matchVatstoreGet('idCounters', NONE));
+  validate(v, matchVatstoreGet('kindIDID', NONE));
+  validate(v, matchVatstoreSet('kindIDID', '1'));
   validate(v, matchVatstoreGet('storeKindIDTable', NONE));
   validate(
     v,
     matchVatstoreSet(
       'storeKindIDTable',
-      '{"scalarMapStore":1,"scalarWeakMapStore":2,"scalarSetStore":3,"scalarWeakSetStore":4,"scalarDurableMapStore":5,"scalarDurableWeakMapStore":6,"scalarDurableSetStore":7,"scalarDurableWeakSetStore":8}',
+      '{"scalarMapStore":2,"scalarWeakMapStore":3,"scalarSetStore":4,"scalarWeakSetStore":5,"scalarDurableMapStore":6,"scalarDurableWeakMapStore":7,"scalarDurableSetStore":8,"scalarDurableWeakSetStore":9}',
     ),
   );
   validate(v, matchVatstoreGet('baggageID', NONE));
@@ -1170,7 +1174,7 @@ test.serial('VO multifacet markers only', async t => {
     'bob',
     true,
   );
-  const thing = 'o+12/1';
+  const thing = 'o+13/1';
   const thingCapdata = JSON.stringify({ unused: capdata('uncared for') });
 
   // lerv -> Lerv  Create facets
@@ -1303,18 +1307,13 @@ async function voRefcountManagementTest3(t, isf) {
   validate(v, matchVatstoreSet(stateKey(`${holderKindID}/4`), heldHolderValue(`${holderKindID}/3`)));
   validate(v, matchVatstoreGet(stateKey(cacheDisplacerVref), cacheObjValue));
   validateReturned(v, rp);
-  if (isf) {
-    validate(v, matchVatstoreGet(rcKey(thing), '1'));
-    validate(v, matchVatstoreGet(esKey(thing), NONE));
-  }
+  validate(v, matchVatstoreGet(rcKey(thing), '1'));
+  validate(v, matchVatstoreGet(esKey(thing), NONE));
+
   validate(v, matchVatstoreGet(rcKey(`${holderKindID}/2`), '1'));
   validate(v, matchVatstoreGet(esKey(`${holderKindID}/2`), NONE));
   validate(v, matchVatstoreGet(rcKey(`${holderKindID}/3`), '1'));
   validate(v, matchVatstoreGet(esKey(`${holderKindID}/3`), NONE));
-  if (!isf) {
-    validate(v, matchVatstoreGet(rcKey(thing), '1'));
-    validate(v, matchVatstoreGet(esKey(thing), NONE));
-  }
   validateDone(v);
 
   rp = await dispatchMessage('finishDropHolders');
@@ -1445,7 +1444,6 @@ test.serial('presence refcount management 2', async t => {
 // prettier-ignore
 test.serial('remotable refcount management 1', async t => {
   const { v, dispatchMessage } = await setupTestLiveslots(t, buildRootObject, 'bob', true);
-  const remotableID = 'o+13';
 
   let rp = await dispatchMessage('makeAndHoldRemotable');
   validateSetup(v);
@@ -1478,7 +1476,6 @@ test.serial('remotable refcount management 1', async t => {
 // prettier-ignore
 test.serial('remotable refcount management 2', async t => {
   const { v, dispatchMessage } = await setupTestLiveslots(t, buildRootObject, 'bob', true);
-  const remotableID = 'o+13';
 
   let rp = await dispatchMessage('makeAndHoldRemotable');
   validateSetup(v);
@@ -1580,7 +1577,6 @@ test.serial('verify presence weak key GC', async t => {
 test.serial('VO holding non-VO', async t => {
   const { v, dispatchMessage, dispatchDropExports, dispatchRetireExports } =
         await setupTestLiveslots(t, buildRootObject, 'bob', true);
-  const remotableID = 'o+13';
 
   // lerv -> Lerv  Create non-VO
   let rp = await dispatchMessage('makeAndHoldRemotable');
diff --git a/packages/SwingSet/test/virtualObjects/test-virtualObjectManager.js b/packages/SwingSet/test/virtualObjects/test-virtualObjectManager.js
index 05343c074ab..6151868bf40 100644
--- a/packages/SwingSet/test/virtualObjects/test-virtualObjectManager.js
+++ b/packages/SwingSet/test/virtualObjects/test-virtualObjectManager.js
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ test('multifaceted virtual objects', t => {
       };
     },
   );
-  const kid = 'o+1';
+  const kid = 'o+2';
   const { incr, decr } = makeMultiThing('foo');
   t.is(incr.getName(), 'foo');
   t.is(incr.getCount(), 0);
@@ -128,6 +128,8 @@ test('multifaceted virtual objects', t => {
   decr.dec();
   t.is(decr.getCount(), 1);
   const other = makeMultiThing('other');
+  t.is(log.shift(), `get kindIDID => undefined`);
+  t.is(log.shift(), `set kindIDID 1`);
   t.is(log.shift(), `set vom.${kid}/1 ${multiThingVal('foo', 1)}`);
   t.deepEqual(log, []);
   incr.inc();
@@ -148,12 +150,12 @@ test('virtual object operations', t => {
   const { defineKind, flushCache, dumpStore } = makeFakeVirtualObjectManager({ cacheSize: 3, log });
 
   const makeThing = defineKind('thing', initThing, actualizeThing);
-  const tid = 'o+1';
+  const tid = 'o+2';
   const makeZot = defineKind('zot', initZot, actualizeZot);
-  const zid = 'o+2';
+  const zid = 'o+3';
 
   // phase 0: start
-  t.deepEqual(dumpStore(), []);
+  t.deepEqual(dumpStore(), [ ['kindIDID', '1']]);
 
   // phase 1: object creations
   const thing1 = makeThing('thing-1'); // [t1-0]
@@ -164,6 +166,8 @@ test('virtual object operations', t => {
   // t3-0: 'thing-3' 200 0
   const thing4 = makeThing('thing-4', 300); // [t4-0 t3-0 t2-0 t1-0]
   // t4-0: 'thing-4' 300 0
+  t.is(log.shift(), `get kindIDID => undefined`);
+  t.is(log.shift(), `set kindIDID 1`);
   t.deepEqual(log, []);
 
   const zot1 = makeZot(23, 'Alice', 'is this on?'); // [z1-0 t4-0 t3-0 t2-0] evict t1-0
@@ -187,6 +191,7 @@ test('virtual object operations', t => {
   t.deepEqual(log, []);
 
   t.deepEqual(dumpStore(), [
+    ['kindIDID', '1'],
     [`vom.${tid}/1`, thingVal(0, 'thing-1', 0)], // =t1-0
     [`vom.${tid}/2`, thingVal(100, 'thing-2', 0)], // =t2-0
     [`vom.${tid}/3`, thingVal(200, 'thing-3', 0)], // =t3-0
@@ -247,6 +252,7 @@ test('virtual object operations', t => {
   t.deepEqual(log, []);
 
   t.deepEqual(dumpStore(), [
+    ['kindIDID', '1'],
     [`vom.${tid}/1`, thingVal(3, 'thing-1', 0)], // =t1-3
     [`vom.${tid}/2`, thingVal(100, 'thing-2', 0)], // =t2-0
     [`vom.${tid}/3`, thingVal(200, 'thing-3', 0)], // =t3-0
@@ -324,6 +330,7 @@ test('virtual object operations', t => {
   t.deepEqual(log, []);
 
   t.deepEqual(dumpStore(), [
+    ['kindIDID', '1'],
     [`vom.${tid}/1`, thingVal(4, 'thing-1', 0)], // =t1-4
     [`vom.${tid}/2`, thingVal(100, 'thing-2', 0)], // =t2-0
     [`vom.${tid}/3`, thingVal(200, 'thing-3', 0)], // =t3-0
@@ -349,6 +356,7 @@ test('virtual object operations', t => {
   t.deepEqual(log, []);
 
   t.deepEqual(dumpStore(), [
+    ['kindIDID', '1'],
     [`vom.${tid}/1`, thingVal(5, 'thing-1', 0)], // =t1-5
     [`vom.${tid}/2`, thingVal(100, 'thing-2', 0)], // =t2-0
     [`vom.${tid}/3`, thingVal(201, 'thing-3', 0)], // =t3-1
@@ -411,10 +419,9 @@ test('durable kind IDs can be reanimated', t => {
 
   // Create a durable kind ID, but don't use it yet
   let kindHandle = makeKindHandle('testkind');
-  t.is(log.shift(), 'set kindIDID 9');
   t.is(log.shift(), 'set vom.kind.10 {"kindID":"10","tag":"testkind"}');
   t.deepEqual(log, []);
-  const khid = `o+9/10`;
+  const khid = `o+1/10`;
 
   // Store it in the store without having used it
   placeToPutIt.init('savedKindID', kindHandle);
@@ -465,7 +472,7 @@ test('virtual object gc', t => {
   const { deleteEntry, dumpStore } = fakeStuff;
 
   const makeThing = defineKind('thing', initThing, actualizeThing);
-  const tbase = 'o+9';
+  const tbase = 'o+10';
   const makeRef = defineKind(
     'ref',
     value => ({ value }),
@@ -476,9 +483,11 @@ test('virtual object gc', t => {
     }),
   );
 
+  t.is(log.shift(), `get kindIDID => undefined`);
+  t.is(log.shift(), `set kindIDID 1`);
   const skit = [
     'storeKindIDTable',
-    '{"scalarMapStore":1,"scalarWeakMapStore":2,"scalarSetStore":3,"scalarWeakSetStore":4,"scalarDurableMapStore":5,"scalarDurableWeakMapStore":6,"scalarDurableSetStore":7,"scalarDurableWeakSetStore":8}',
+    '{"scalarMapStore":2,"scalarWeakMapStore":3,"scalarSetStore":4,"scalarWeakSetStore":5,"scalarDurableMapStore":6,"scalarDurableWeakMapStore":7,"scalarDurableSetStore":8,"scalarDurableWeakSetStore":9}',
   ];
   t.is(log.shift(), `get storeKindIDTable => undefined`);
   t.is(log.shift(), `set ${skit[0]} ${skit[1]}`);
@@ -497,6 +506,7 @@ test('virtual object gc', t => {
   t.is(log.shift(), `set vom.${tbase}/5 ${minThing('thing #5')}`);
   t.deepEqual(log, []);
   t.deepEqual(dumpStore(), [
+    ['kindIDID', '1'],
     skit,
     [`vom.${tbase}/1`, minThing('thing #1')],
     [`vom.${tbase}/2`, minThing('thing #2')],
@@ -523,6 +533,7 @@ test('virtual object gc', t => {
   t.is(log.shift(), `get vom.es.${tbase}/1 => r`);
   t.deepEqual(log, []);
   t.deepEqual(dumpStore(), [
+    ['kindIDID', '1'],
     skit,
     [`vom.es.${tbase}/1`, 'r'],
     [`vom.${tbase}/1`, minThing('thing #1')],
@@ -546,6 +557,7 @@ test('virtual object gc', t => {
   t.is(log.shift(), `delete vom.es.${tbase}/1`);
   t.deepEqual(log, []);
   t.deepEqual(dumpStore(), [
+    ['kindIDID', '1'],
     skit,
     [`vom.${tbase}/2`, minThing('thing #2')],
     [`vom.${tbase}/3`, minThing('thing #3')],
@@ -566,6 +578,7 @@ test('virtual object gc', t => {
   t.is(log.shift(), `get vom.rc.${tbase}/2 => undefined`);
   t.deepEqual(log, []);
   t.deepEqual(dumpStore(), [
+    ['kindIDID', '1'],
     skit,
     [`vom.es.${tbase}/2`, 's'],
     [`vom.${tbase}/2`, minThing('thing #2')],
@@ -583,6 +596,7 @@ test('virtual object gc', t => {
   t.is(log.shift(), `delete vom.es.${tbase}/2`);
   t.deepEqual(log, []);
   t.deepEqual(dumpStore(), [
+    ['kindIDID', '1'],
     skit,
     [`vom.${tbase}/3`, minThing('thing #3')],
     [`vom.${tbase}/4`, minThing('thing #4')],
@@ -600,6 +614,7 @@ test('virtual object gc', t => {
   t.is(log.shift(), `delete vom.es.${tbase}/3`);
   t.deepEqual(log, []);
   t.deepEqual(dumpStore(), [
+    ['kindIDID', '1'],
     skit,
     [`vom.${tbase}/4`, minThing('thing #4')],
     [`vom.${tbase}/5`, minThing('thing #5')],
@@ -614,6 +629,7 @@ test('virtual object gc', t => {
   t.is(log.shift(), `set vom.${tbase}/6 ${minThing('thing #6')}`);
   t.deepEqual(log, []);
   t.deepEqual(dumpStore(), [
+    ['kindIDID', '1'],
     skit,
     [`vom.${tbase}/4`, minThing('thing #4')],
     [`vom.${tbase}/5`, minThing('thing #5')],
@@ -651,6 +667,7 @@ test('virtual object gc', t => {
   t.is(log.shift(), `set vom.${tbase}/7 ${minThing('thing #7')}`);
   t.deepEqual(log, []);
   t.deepEqual(dumpStore(), [
+    ['kindIDID', '1'],
     skit,
     [`vom.es.${tbase}/4`, 's'],
     [`vom.es.${tbase}/5`, 'r'],
@@ -682,6 +699,7 @@ test('virtual object gc', t => {
   t.is(log.shift(), `set vom.${tbase}/8 ${minThing('thing #8')}`);
   t.deepEqual(log, []);
   t.deepEqual(dumpStore(), [
+    ['kindIDID', '1'],
     skit,
     [`vom.es.${tbase}/4`, 's'],
     [`vom.es.${tbase}/5`, 's'],
@@ -700,6 +718,7 @@ test('virtual object gc', t => {
   t.is(log.shift(), `get vom.es.${tbase}/6 => undefined`);
   t.deepEqual(log, []);
   t.deepEqual(dumpStore(), [
+    ['kindIDID', '1'],
     skit,
     [`vom.es.${tbase}/4`, 's'],
     [`vom.es.${tbase}/5`, 's'],
diff --git a/packages/SwingSet/tools/fakeVirtualObjectManager.js b/packages/SwingSet/tools/fakeVirtualObjectManager.js
index 7dd46793f45..27e6e3d2cfb 100644
--- a/packages/SwingSet/tools/fakeVirtualObjectManager.js
+++ b/packages/SwingSet/tools/fakeVirtualObjectManager.js
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ export function makeFakeVirtualObjectManager(vrm, fakeStuff, options = {}) {
   const { cacheSize = 100 } = options;
 
   const {
+    initializeKindHandleKind,
     defineKind,
     defineDurableKind,
     makeKindHandle,
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ export function makeFakeVirtualObjectManager(vrm, fakeStuff, options = {}) {
   );
 
   const normalVOM = {
+    initializeKindHandleKind,
     defineKind,
     defineDurableKind,
     makeKindHandle,
diff --git a/packages/SwingSet/tools/fakeVirtualSupport.js b/packages/SwingSet/tools/fakeVirtualSupport.js
index 6c384e8442d..f5efb28f0a0 100644
--- a/packages/SwingSet/tools/fakeVirtualSupport.js
+++ b/packages/SwingSet/tools/fakeVirtualSupport.js
@@ -249,6 +249,7 @@ export function makeFakeVirtualStuff(options = {}) {
   const fakeStuff = makeFakeLiveSlotsStuff(options);
   const vrm = makeFakeVirtualReferenceManager(fakeStuff);
   const vom = makeFakeVirtualObjectManager(vrm, fakeStuff, options);
+  vom.initializeKindHandleKind();
   fakeStuff.setVrm(vrm);
   const cm = makeFakeCollectionManager(vrm, fakeStuff, options);
   return { fakeStuff, vrm, vom, cm };
@@ -258,6 +259,7 @@ export function makeStandaloneFakeVirtualObjectManager(options = {}) {
   const fakeStuff = makeFakeLiveSlotsStuff(options);
   const vrm = makeFakeVirtualReferenceManager(fakeStuff);
   const vom = makeFakeVirtualObjectManager(vrm, fakeStuff, options);
+  vom.initializeKindHandleKind();
   fakeStuff.setVrm(vrm);
   return vom;
 }